INTRODUCTION OF THE PHYSICAL LAYER IN DCN

 INTRODUCTION OF THE PHYSICAL LAYER

The Physical Layer is the lowest layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model.

The main function is to establish and manage the physical connection between devices and transmit raw binary data over a physical medium.

 

Some key functions of the physical layer:

·       Data encoding: Converting digital data into a physical signal (e.g., voltage levels, light pulses).

·       Transmission media: Defining the types of cables or wireless channels that can be used to transmit data.

·       Data rate: Determining how fast data can be sent over the medium.

·       Modulation: Techniques for encoding data onto a carrier signal.

·       Error correction: Detecting and correcting errors that occur during transmission.

·       Synchronization: Keeping the transmitter and receiver in sync.

·       Signal Transmission: modulate digital signals into analog waveforms or encoding to convert digital data into electrical or optical signals for transmission.

·       Connectors and Interfaces: specifies the pin configuration, voltage levels, and other hardware details necessary for establishing a physical link.

·       Topology and Wiring: It defines how devices are connected, whether in a star, bus, ring, or other topologies.

·       Transmission Modes: such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.

·       Error Detection and Correction: provide reliability of data transmission.

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