Ø Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive, and
object-oriented scripting language.
Ø Python is designed to be highly readable English keywords
frequently.
History of Python
Ø Python was developed by Guido van Rossum (गुइडो वैन रोसुम।) in late 1980 at the National Research Institute for
Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands.
Ø It is derived from many other languages, such as ABC,
Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, Smalltalk, Unix shell, and other scripting
languages.
Ø it is copyrighted and its source code is available under
the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Python Features
Python's
features include –
·
Easy-to-learn − few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly
defined syntax and allows the student to
pick up the language quickly.
·
Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined.
·
Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintained.
- Python is Interpreted –
it is processed at runtime by the interpreter, no need to compile the program
before executing. It is similar to PERL and PHP.
- Python is Interactive −
Python prompt interact with the interpreter directly to write programs.
- Python is Object-Oriented –
it supports Object-Oriented style or technique.
·
Python is
a Beginner's Language – it is a very useful
language for beginner-level programmers and supports the development of a
wide range of applications from simple text processing to WWW browsers to
games.
·
A broad
standard library – it provides bulk libraries,
which are very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and
Macintosh.
·
Interactive
Mode – it provides an interactive mode for testing and debugging of snippets(pieces) of code.
·
Portable – it runs on a wide variety of hardware platforms with the same interface on all platforms.
·
Extendable − add low-level modules to the Python interpreter which
enable programmers to add or customize their tools more efficiently.
·
Databases − Provides interfaces to all major commercial
databases.
·
GUI
Programming − supports GUI
applications for creating and port to many system calls, libraries, and windows
systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
·
Scalable − provides a better structure and support for large
programs than shell scripting.
·
Cross-platform: Run
on various operating systems such as Mac, Windows, Linux, Unix, etc. This makes
it a cross-platform and portable language.
·
Open
Source: Python is an open-source
programming language.
·
Large
standard library: Python has a large
standard library with handy codes and functions for writing code in Python.
·
Supports
exception handling: in python write less
error-prone code and can test various scenarios that can cause an exception
later on.
·
Advanced
features: Supports generators and
list comprehensions.
·
Automatic
memory management: Python supports
automatic memory management which means the memory is cleared and freed
automatically.
Python Advantages
- Increased
readability.
For that purpose, uniform indents are used to delimit blocks of statements
instead of curly brackets, like in many languages such as C, C++, and Java.
- Python
is free and distributed as open-source software. A large
programming community is actively involved in the development and support
of Python libraries for various applications such as web frameworks,
mathematical computing, and data science.
- Cross-platform
language.
It works equally on different OS platforms like Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, etc. Hence Python applications can be easily ported across OS platforms.
- Supports
multiple programming paradigms including imperative, procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming styles.
- Extensible
language.
Additional functionality (other than what is provided in the core
language) can be made available through modules and packages written in
other languages (C, C++, Java, etc)
- A
standard DB-API for database connectivity has been
defined in Python. It can be enabled using any data source (Oracle, MySQL,
SQLite, etc.) as a backend to the Python program for storage, retrieval, and
processing of data.
- The standard distribution of Python contains the Tkinter GUI toolkit, which is the
implementation of a popular GUI library called Tcl/Tk. An attractive GUI can
be constructed using Tkinter. Many other GUI libraries like Qt, GTK,
WxWidgets, etc. are also ported to Python.
- Integrated
with other popular programming technologies like C, C++,
Java, ActiveX (ActiveX is a software framework created by
Microsoft that adapts its earlier Component Object Model (COM) and Object
Linking and Embedding (OLE) technologies for content downloaded from a
network, particularly from the World Wide Web.) and CORBA (The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
is a standard developed by the Object Management Group (OMG) to provide
interoperability among distributed objects. ).
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